Abstract
In order to numerically analyze the hollow-cone sprays injected from a swirl injector, a physical model for the hollow-cone sprays has been proposed. The injection boundary condition and the model coefficients for the droplet breakup model (improved wave breakup model) have been determined appropriately. Using the authors' GTT code with this spray model, the shapes and Sauter mean diameters of hollow-cone sprays in low- and high-pressure ambient gases at room temperature under the conditions for testing a swirl injector have been predicted reasonably well. By means of this code, the behavior of hollow-cone sprays and the process of mixture formation in gasoline direct-injection engines have been successfully simulated.