Abstract
A mixed friction model was developed and used to predict tire traction force on an icy highway with a fully melting contact patch. The model was based on the Christensen-Tonder and Patir-Cheng models for hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces and the theory of frictional heating for ice melting respectively and maybe used to develop a control system for stability, which can identify the highway conditions. The calculations showed good agreement with available experimental results. The results showed that the e ffects of surface roughness should be taken into account to predict the coefficient of friction accurately. The effects of the amount of heat flowing into the tire on the traction force were discussed and the principle for determining the amount of heat was also presented.