Abstract
It is an ongoing challenge to meet the increasingly stringent emission legislations for the nonroad market. The US will see TIER 4 final from 2013 onwards and the EU Stage IV one year later. India, China and Japan are moving towards implementing the similar emissions levels. This will bring the need for rapid deployment of advanced technologies to achieve the emission regulations. The enormous diversification of engines within the different power classes requires specific solutions to meet the legislation limits. This goes hand in hand with the introduction of new technologies such as electronic fuel injection, cooled EGR and especially exhaust aftertreatment systems such as diesel particulate filter and/or SCR. Since off-road operation has its own requirements regarding duty cycles, robustness and durability, on-road emission concepts are only transferable to a limited extent. Additionally, the engine production numbers are often low but the diversification of machine variants is huge. This paper will discuss a modelbased calibration process that combines skills from areas such as fuel injection systems, combustion development, aftertreatment and control systems to provide optimum and robust calibration solutions for off-road machines & vehicles.