Abstract
Due to sustainability concerns, there has been increasing emphasis on adoption of electric mobility across the globe. The current Lithium ion battery chemistry that is mainly used for electric mobility has Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, and Manganese as the key constituents. As the supply chains of these battery materials are disguised and concentrated in few countries, there are concerns about availability and increasing prices that can impede the electric mobility revolution. Furthermore, Lithium ion batteries have competing demand from the clean energy industry. On the other side, the battery prices are falling due to scale effects and improvement in battery technologies, which will further increase the demand for batteries. Hence, it is important to understand the supply-demand dynamics of the Lithium ion battery materials for transition from traditional mobility to electric mobility. In this paper, we attempt to understand the supply-demand dynamics using a system dynamics modeling framework. The system dynamics model enables us to capture the nonlinear, time-delayed feedbacks that operate in the Lithium ion battery ecosystem.