Abstract
Abstract:
Searching the ways to switch over to renewable energy sources from the traditional ones, it is one of the most important questions in the twenty first century's power engineering. Realising the inherent possibilities the European Community admitted directives aiming to drive the member countries in that direction. The 30/2003/EC directive states: "The transport sector accounts for more than 30 % of final energy consumption in the Community and is expanding, a trend which is bound to increase, along with carbon dioxide emissions and this expansion will be greater in percentage terms in the candidate countries following their accession to the European Union. The Commission White Paper European transport policy for 2010: time to decide" expects CO2 emissions from transport to rise by 50 % between 1990 and 2010, to around 1113 million tonnes, the main responsibility resting with road transport, which accounts for 84 % of transportrelated CO2 emissions. From an ecological point of view, the White Paper therefore calls for dependence on oil (currently 98 %) in the transport sector to be reduced by using alternative fuels such as biofuels." [1]. According to the above directive minimum 2% of the road transport fuel consumption should be replaced within 5 years by bio-fuel, at the same time however the present-day technical standards are also possibly to be kept. Taking into consideration the present economical situation the bio-fuels can not compete economically with the mineral oil products. Main reason is that the production of high-purity (above 95%), water-free alcohol is highly energy consuming. So the question arose: under which conditions could be less pure wet alcohol mixtures ethanol, methanol, etc.) - considered as by-products of the spirit production - utilized as motor fuel. The lecture gives a short interpretation of the methanol, and ethanol fuel production and utilization in Europe and all over the world. Special attention is devoted to the situation in Hungary. Combustion technology advantages and disadvantages are also analysed. As a first step our research work aimed to develop an Otto-engine, suitable both for gasoline and (bio) ethanol, methanol operation. During the investigation we studied the variation of the injection picture which is very important for the mixture formation. In addition to the results achieved detailed explanation is also given of the further research tasks.