Abstract
In the recent years, a large effort has been directed towards the investigation of injury mechanisms and injury tolerance criteria related to whiplash. Whiplash injury is a neck injury on the rear collision of low speed. This is one of the lightest injury in the case of occupants by car accidents, but it occurs so frequently that the rate of indemnity is the highest. Under the UN/ECE/WP29, GTR 7 has been established as a regulation. The USA and Europe have injury criteria and dynamic test procedures for decreasing whiplash injury. Currently, GTR 7 Phase II has been initiated to evaluate performance of head restraint through a dynamic test that is using the sled equipment and the crash test dummy BioRID II or Hybrid III. However its test procedures are a little different among performing the institutions. The KNCAP have already conducted the dynamic sled test using the sled pulse representing delta v=16kph rear collision accidents. According to the insurance statistical data, the speed is the majorities of whiplash injury. The acceleration profile using KNCAP is roughly triangular, with a peak of 10 g and a total duration of 91 ms. The Euro NCAP has been used the two sled pulses which represent 16kph lower severity and 24kph higher severity test pulse. In this research, the characteristics of the whiplash injury using the three acceleration pulses and two type dummies that are the Hybrid III and BioRID II as sled test and MADYMO simulations was investigated. In this study, the unsolved technical issues of GTR Phase II, HR height, dummy, sled pulse, sled pulse corridor and seating position of dummy were evaluated through the sensitivity analysis.
Keywords: Rear end Collision, Whiplash, BioRID II, Hybrid III, Neck Injury