Abstract
Diesel engines are widely used in transportation and industry, especially for heavy duty applications due to their high cost efficiency. However, particulate matter (PM) in diesel exhaust gas adversely affects human health and environment. The aim of this work is to study the behavior of particle emissions emitted by a modern heavy duty vehicle. Particles exhausted from a Euro V truck were measured on a chassis dynamometer under the European Stationary Cycle (ESC) and a transient cycle (FIGE cycle). With the ESC cycle, different trends of the particle emissions are observed at different engine operating conditions. At low load range (modes 1,3,5,7,9,11,13), increasing load reduces the PM mass and soot as well as number of particles per kWh; most of particles are in accumulation mode that is consistent with a high share of soot of up to 96% on total PM mass; good correlations of the mass and number of particles and soot are obtained. Nevertheless at high load range (modes 2,4,6,8,10,12), a further increase in load causes a clear increase in mass and number of particles whereas soot remains nearly constant; a lot of particles in nucleation mode are produced and the share of soot on total PM mass is lower than 50%. Over the transient cycle, the particle emissions behavior seems to be similar to that at low load range. The experimental work was carried out at Graz University of Technology, Austria.
Keywords: Particle emissions, Particle size distribution, Soot, Heavy duty vehicles